Table 1 Comparison of the end-point errors, voxelwise strain errors, and global strain errors between different methods on the simulated dataset

Farneback

1.36 ± 0.47*

es = 0.87

1.46 ± 0.29*

es = 0.87

0.82 ± 0.29*

es = 0.87

0.80 ± 0.18*

es = 0.87

10.34 ± 3.52*

es = 0.87

9.17 ± 1.49*

es = 0.87

19.19 ± 5.24*

es = 0.87

1.13 ± 0.74*

es = 0.86

1.46 ± 0.81*

es = 0.87

8.93 ± 5.44*

es = 0.86

Pairwise

1.07 ± 0.45*

es = 0.86

0.98 ± 0.17*

es = 0.87

0.64 ± 0.22*

es = 0.87

0.68 ± 0.13*

es = 0.87

3.30 ± 0.95*

es = 0.65

2.97 ± 0.48*

es = 0.76

16.01 ± 4.53*

es = 0.87

0.75 ± 0.45*

es = 0.84

0.53 ± 0.33*

es = 0.79

6.61 ± 4.04*

es = 0.82

nD + t

B-Splines

1.02 ± 0.46*

es = 0.87

0.96 ± 0.19*

es = 0.87

0.57 ± 0.24*

es = 0.87

0.54 ± 0.12*

es = 0.87

3.86 ± 0.91*

es = 0.87

3.65 ± 0.65*

es = 0.87

16.20 ± 4.36*

es = 0.87

0.36 ± 0.34*

es = 0.51

0.59 ± 0.42*

es = 0.76

6.22 ± 4.35*

es = 0.76

pTVreg

0.55 ± 0.36*

es = 0.38

0.52 ± 0.09*

es = 0.61

0.29 ± 0.17

es = 0.25

0.29 ± 0.06*

es = 0.52

3.42 ± 1.89*

es = 0.50

2.76 ± 0.27*

es = 0.54

14.59 ± 4.10*

es = 0.87

0.29 ± 0.30

es = 0.36

0.22 ± 0.27*

es = 0.38

2.24 ± 1.97*

es = 0.45

Groupwise-

GLR

0.89 ± 0.33*

es = 0.87

0.97 ± 0.21*

es = 0.87

0.49 ± 0.16*

es = 0.87

0.54 ± 0.13*

es = 0.87

3.45 ± 0.91*

es = 0.86

3.66 ± 0.45*

es = 0.87

15.83 ± 4.24*

es = 0.87

0.33 ± 0.17*

es = 0.70

0.46 ± 0.34*

es = 0.75

4.28 ± 3.25*

es = 0.72

Groupwise-

LLR

0.38 ± 0.12

0.46 ± 0.12

0.23 ± 0.07

0.26 ± 0.07

2.25 ± 0.52

2.54 ± 0.45

12.86 ± 3.81

0.18 ± 0.15

0.13 ± 0.10

1.57 ± 1.11