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Table 1 Clinical and radiological characteristics in the training and test groups

From: Endoscopic ultrasonography-based intratumoral and peritumoral machine learning ultrasomics model for predicting the pathological grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors

Variable

Training cohort (N = 48)

Test cohort (N = 33)

G1

G2/3

P-value

G1

G2/3

P-value

Age

50.87 ± 12.44

50.94 ± 15.96

0.597

41.60 ± 12.33

47.15 ± 13.74

0.276

Maximum diameter

23.13 ± 12.03

37.47 ± 18.55

0.005

23.17 ± 16.19

38.70 ± 20.38

0.022

Gender

  

0.938

  

0.478

 0

20(64.52)

10(58.82)

 

13(65.00)

6(46.15)

 

 1

11(35.48)

7(41.18)

 

7(35.00)

7(53.85)

 

Shape

  

0.007

  

0.047

 0

8(25.81)

12(70.59)

 

3(15.00)

7(53.85)

 

 1

23(74.19)

5(29.41)

 

17(85.00)

6(46.15)

 

Margin

  

0.210

  

0.012

 0

2(6.45)

4(23.53)

 

0(0.00)

5(38.46)

 

 1

29(93.55)

13(76.47)

 

20(100.00)

8(61.54)

 

Echo

  

0.402

  

0.398

 0

6(19.35)

1(5.88)

 

3(15.00)

0(0.00)

 

 1

25(80.65)

16(94.12)

 

17(85.00)

13(100.00)

 

Uniformity

  

0.434

  

0.146

 0

15(48.39)

11(64.71)

 

9(45.00)

10(76.92)

 

 1

16(51.61)

6(35.29)

 

11(55.00)

3(23.08)

 

Calcification

  

1.000

  

0.826

 0

30(96.77)

17(100.00)

 

18(90.00)

7(53.85)

 

 1

1(3.23)

0(0.00)

 

2(10.00)

6(46.15)

 

Cystic areas

  

1.000

  

0.051

 0

30(96.77)

16(94.12)

 

18(90.00)

7(53.85)

 

 1

1(3.23)

1(5.88)

 

2(10.00)

6(46.15)

 

Location

  

0.97

  

1.000

 0

13(41.94)

8(47.06)

 

11(55.00)

7(53.85)

 

 1

18(58.06)

9(52.94)

 

9(45.00)

6(46.15)

 
  1. Gender: “0” means female, “1” means male; Shape: “0” means irregular shape, “1” means regular shape; Margin: “0” means unclear margin of lesion, “1” means clear margin of lesion; Echo: “0” means means not hypoechoic of lesion, “1” means hypoechoic of lesion; uniformity: “0” means nonuniformity of echo; “1” means uniformity of echo; Calcification: “0” means no calcification, “1” means calcification; Cystic areas: “0” means no cystic areas, “1” means cystic areas; Location: “0” means head and uncinate process of the pancreas, “1” means body and tail of the pancreas