Fig. 4

Establishment and evaluation of the predictive nomogram, based on the comprehensive model. A Predictive nomogram, incorporating the clinical imaging characteristics of axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases presence, maximum tumor diameter, and suspiciously malignant calcifications, as well as the Radscore, based on the intra- + peri-tumoral radiomics model. B Calibration curve analysis comparing bias-corrected nomogram predictions versus actual (apparent) lympho-vascular invasion (LVI) occurrence. C Decision curve analysis comparing the clinical utility of clinical imaging, radiomics, and predictive nomogram, as well as assuming that all or none of the patients had LVI