Table 2 This review includes a comprehensive summary of the data collected from the studies
Study/ Year | Country | Study Design | Number of patients | Mean age | Center | Reference test | validation techniques | DL Methods | External validation test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nakamoto et al./ 2022 [15] | Japan | Retrospective | 100 | > 50 | single-center | MCI | Random sampling | AlexNet, VGG16, GoogleNet | NO |
Lee et al./2020[11] | South Korea | Retrospective | 680 | > 50 | single-center | DXA | Random sampling | CNN, VGG-16, | NO |
Sukegawa et al./2022[18] | Japan | Retrospective | 778 | > 50 | single-center | DXA | 5-fold cross validation | EfficientNet b3, ResNet50, ResNet152, ResNet18, EfficientNet b0, EfficientNet b7 | NO |
Lee et al./2019[14] | South Korea | Retrospective | 200 | > 50 | single-center | MCI | Random sampling | AlexNet | NO |
Tassoker et al./2022[16] | Turkey | Retrospective | 1488 | > 50 | single-center | MCI | 5-fold cross validation | AlexNet, GoogleNet, ResNet50, ShuffleNet, SqueezeNet | NO |
Dias et al./2025[17] | Brazil | Retrospective | 471 | > 50 | single-center | MCI | 5-fold cross validation | EfficientNet b5 EfficientNet b6 EfficientNet b7 | NO |
Gaudin et al./2024[19] | Germany | Retrospective | 500 | > 50 | single-center | DXA | Random sampling | Densenet201 | NO |