Assessment of right ventricle–to–pulmonary artery coupling by three-dimensional echocardiography in pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension: comparison with tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion /systolic pulmonary artery pressure ratio

Table 2 Right heart catheterization and echocardiographic and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging-derived parameters in the study cohort

Variables	Value
Right heart catheterization
mPAP, mmHg	45.6 ± 11.0
RAP, mmHg	4.3 ± 3.3
PVR, Wood Units	11.8 ± 5.3
CI, L/min per m²	1.94(1.6,2.4)
PAWP, mmHg	9.0 ± 3.2
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
RV EDV, mL/m²	120.8 ± 33.1
RV ESV, mL/m²	75.3 ± 25.0
RV SV, mL/m²	45.5 ± 10.6
RV EF, %	39.3 ± 9.6
2D Echocardiography
RA area, cm²	24.3 ± 7.4
RV basal diameter, mm	46.9 ± 7.1
RV/LV basal diameter	1.4 ± 0.4
FAC, %	28.2 ± 8.1
TAPSE, mm	16.4 ± 3.9
S’, cm/sec	10.4 ± 2.8
RV GLS, %	-12.5 ± 4.5
RVOT-act, ms	66.2 ± 19.5
sPAP mmHg	81.1 ± 20.2
mPAP mmHg	51.3 ± 12.4
3D Echocardiography
RV EDV, mL/m²	115.5 ± 33.5
RV ESV, mL/m²	74.0 ± 28.9
RV SV, mL/m²	41.3 ± 9.0
RVEF, %	37.4 ± 8.8
Right ventricular pulmonary artery coupling surrogates
RHC-CMR Ea, mmHg/mL/m²	1.06 (0.63, 1.49)
RHC-CMR Ees, mmHg/mL/m²	0.69 ± 0.24
RHC-CMR Ees/Ea	0.68 ± 0.26
3DE Ea, mmHg/mL/m²	1.31 (0.95, 1.47)
3DE Ees, mmHg/mL/m²	0.74 ± 0.22
3DE SV/ESV	0.60 ± 0.21
TAPSE/sPAP, mm/mmHg	0.22 ± 0.08

Normally distributed data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, and skewed data are expressed as the median (interquartile range)
mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; RAP: right atrial pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; CI: cardiac index; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; 2D: two-dimensional; RV EDV: right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RV ESV: right ventricular end-systolic volume; RV SV: right ventricular stroke volume; RV EF: right ventricular ejection fraction; FAC: fractional area change; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; S’: systolic velocity of the tricuspid lateral annulus; RV GLS: right ventricular global longitudinal strain; RVOT-act: right ventricular outflow tract acceleration time; sPAP: systolic pulmonary artery pressure; Ea: pulmonary artery effective elasticity; Ees: right ventricular end-systolic maximum elasticity; Ees/Ea: right ventricular-arterial coupling; RHC: right heart catheterization; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; 3DE: three-dimensional echocardiography; SV/ESV: stroke volume/end-systolic volume

ISSN: 1471-2342