Fig. 2

Comparison of temporal bone CT images between groups (high jugular bulb + diploetic mastoid). Note: As can be seen from the above figure, the temporal bone CT findings in the healthy control group revealed a predominantly hollow mastoid, with numerous transparent, clear, and well-spaced air cells arranged in a honeycomb pattern. In contrast, the MS group displayed a smaller and thicker mastoid structure resembling the diploe of the skull, with only a few transparent and clear air cells, indicating the presence of diploetic mastoid. Furthermore, a comparison of findings between the two groups showed that in the MS group, the jugular bulb extended beyond the lower edge of the cochlear basal turn, whereas in the healthy control group, the jugular bulb remained below this level. These observations from the temporal bone CT findings of the MS group are indicative of a high jugular bulb. Blue arrows indicate the location of vestibular organs and red arrows indicate the location of various structural abnormalities