Deep learning approaches for classification tasks in medical X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound images: a scoping review

Laçi, Hafsa; Sevrani, Kozeta; Iqbal, Sarfraz

doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01701-5

BMC Medical Imaging

Table 4 The models that achieved the highest accuracy for classifying diseases, along with their strengths

From: Deep learning approaches for classification tasks in medical X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound images: a scoping review

Organ	Disease	Ref.	Model	Acc.%	Strength	Access.	Dataset size	Year
Lungs	Covid-19, Pneumonia, Pediatric Pneumonia	[40]	EfficientNet + VGG16 + ELM + explainable AI	99.1	Computational efficiency of EfficientNet and increased model interpretability through XAI	public	12,723	2022
	Covid-19, Pneumonia, Pediatric Pneumonia	[44]	DenseNet-201	99.1	High computational & memory efficiency	public	16,000	2022
	Pulmonary Tuberculosis	[96]	Efficient Xception CNN	99.29	High efficiency + fast training + good generalizability	public	5600	2023
Brain	Alzheimer Disease, Dementia	[65]	CNN	98.63	Synthetic oversampling technique	public	6400	2022
	Brain Tumor, Glioma Tumors	[77]	CNN with Multi-Branch Network + Inception block	99.3	Interpretability and visual explanation of the results through Grad-CAM + Computational efficiency of EfficientNet	public	2870	2023
	ASD, DOC	[102]	3D EfficientNet-B3	92.7	Addressing class imbalance via synthetic oversampling technique	private	151	2024
	Cortical Tubers	[103]	TSCCNN + InceptionV3 + ResNet50	95	Multi-scale extraction of features + efficiency on complex tasks	private	6318	2020
Mammary Gland	Breast Cancer	[87]	DeepBraestCancerNet (Custom CNN)	99.35	customization + flexibility in solution design	public	1030	2023
Mammary Gland	Breast Cancer	[91]	EfficientNet-B7 and Explainable AI	99.14	Computational efficiency of EfficientNet and increased model interpretability through XAI	public	780	2024
Thoracic Cavity	Thoracic Diseases	[71]	DenseNet	99.58	High computational & memory efficiency	public	984	2018
Liver	Liver lesions/Liver tumor	[98]	USC-Enet (based on EfcientNet-B0)	95.6	Computational efficiency of EfficientNet and increased model interpretability through XAI	private	2168	2023
Thyroid Gland	Thyroid Nodules	[83]	ResNet18	98.4	Low computational costs	private	508	2022
Bones	Bone Fracture, Femur Fracture	[93]	Hybrid SFNet + Canny + Grey	99.12	Integration of Canny Edge algorithm for feature localization + high efficiency + low computational cost	public	34,000	2022
Spine	Disc Herniation	[104]	AlexNet	87.75	Feature extraction + classification performed in a common structure and the use of real private patient data	private	2329	2019
Uterus	Fetal Malposition	[105]	Fet-Net (CNN)	97.68	Customization + flexibility in solution design	private	144	2023
Prostate Gland	prostate cancer	[107]	CNN	89.9	Customization + flexibility in solution design	private	21	2017

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ISSN: 1471-2342

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