Fig. 6

(a) Forest plot of sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) for studies using AI-based methods on CBCT images to detect carotid artery calcifications. The black square represents the point estimate of sensitivity or specificity, and the horizontal line shows its 95% confidence interval. The size of the square reflects the study’s weight in the analysis. The red diamond represents the pooled estimate across all studies, and the red dashed line indicates the summary value. (b) Forest plot of sensitivity and specificity (95% CI) for studies using AI-based methods on Panoramic radiographies to detect carotid artery calcifications. The black square represents the point estimate of sensitivity or specificity, and the horizontal line shows its 95% confidence interval. The size of the square reflects the study’s weight in the analysis. The red diamond represents the pooled estimate across all studies, and the red dashed line indicates the summary value