Fig. 2

Cerebral vessels segmentation pipeline. The Jerman enhancement filter highlighted blood vessels structures. An automatic segmentation technique then merged the CTA data with the enhanced images using a level-set-based approach. ITK-SNAP software verified the accuracy of the segmented images. The segmentation results of intracranial blood vessels were integrated with brain masks to calculate vascular volume and cerebral vascular density. Finally, the Skeleton 3D toolbox extracted the centerlines of blood vessels, enabling accurate vessels length calculation